Trace elements in the hair of healthy and malnourished children. Weber CW, Nelson GW, Vasquez de Vaquera M, Pearson PB (1990).Minerals, trace elements and related biological variables in athletes and during physical activity. Speich M, Pineau A, Ballereau F (2001).Critical overview of applications of genetic testing in sport talent identification. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 24(4): 404-413. Nutritional recommendations for synchronized swimming. Robertson S, Benardot D, Mountjoy M (2014).
#Chromium micro and macro minerals trial
Metabolic changes during a field experiment in a world-class windsurfing athlete: a trial with multivariate analyses. Resende NM, de Magalhaes Neto AM, Bachini F, de Castro LE, Bassini A, Cameron LC (2011).Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 17(6): 574-582. Sweat mineral-element responses during 7 h of exercise-heat stress. Montain SJ, Cheuvront SN, Lukaski HC (2007).Reference values of elements in human hair: a systematic review. Mikulewicz M, Chojnacka K, Gedrange T, Gorecki H (2013).Sudden death due to neck blows among amateur hockey players. Maron BJ, Poliac LC, Ashare AB, Hall WA (2003).Early sport specialization: roots, effectiveness, risks. High magnesium or potassium hair accumulation is not associated with ischemic stroke risk reduction: a pilot study. Karaszewski B, Kozera G, Dorosz A, Lukasiak J, Szczyrba S, Lysiak-Szydlowska W, Nyka WM (2007).Validation of a Metallomics Analysis of Placenta Tissue by Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Harrington JM, Young DJ, Fry RC, Weber FX, Sumner SS, Levine KE (2015).Analysis of human serum and whole blood for mineral content by ICP-MS and ICP-OES: development of a mineralomics method. Harrington JM, Young DJ, Essader AS, Sumner SJ, Levine KE (2014).Int J Sports Physiol Perform 7(4): 390-393. Talent identification and specialization in sport: an overview of some unanswered questions. Goncalves CE, Rama LM, Figueiredo AB (2012).Elite athlete immunology: importance of nutrition.
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How to assess performance in cycling: the multivariate nature of influencing factors and related indicators.
To account for the effect of the acid, acidic blank solution was added. The blank solution results were taken into account in the analysis of the samples. To calibrate the instruments, multi-element standard solutions were (PerkinElmer). The «Optima 2000 DV» (PerkinElmer) was used as an optical emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma. The resulting solutions were analyzed by a quadrupole mass spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma («Elan-9000», PerkinElmer). Thus, the ICP-MS method was used for quantification of Se, Cr and Zn and the ICP-OES one for Mg, ?, ?, Fe quantification, respectively. , et al.: inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for the quantification of elements having very low concentration range in samples whereas inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used for quantification of more ubiquitous elements (Harrington., et al. The methods selection was based on the approach described previously by Harrington. Mineral concentrations were assessed using the inductively coupled plasma methods that have recently been validated for its applicability to the analysis of young people exposure to minerals (Harrington., et al. The data on the groups are summarized in Table 1. The girls from the fencing group were significantly (p < 0, 05) taller and heavier compare to other groups. A control group included 28 age- and sex-matched teenagers with reported sport activity less than four hours per week. The samples from young athletes were divided according to the specific sport types: field hockey and fencing.
All individuals were reported as healthy without any psychiatric, medical disorders or developmental delay. The participants were 95 children, aged from 12 to 17 years residing in the city of Kazan, Russia.
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